Homeopathy treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a clinical syndrome characterized by low body weight, amenorrhoea, distorted body image, also an intense fear of gaining weight.
In general, Anorexia nervosa is relatively common condition which may present to almost any clinical specialty with a multitude of presenting complaints.
Moreover, The term ‘anorexia nervosa’ was first used by William Gull in 1874, and his original description of the essence of the condition contains all of the core elements of the diagnostic criteria that we use today.
The ratio of affected females to males is reportedly 10:1.
Lastly, the average age of onset is 15–17 years for females and 12–13 years for males.
- Cerebral abnormality
- Genetics
- Serotonin dysregulation
- Occasionally, Zinc deficiency
- Childhood upbringing
- Childhood sexual abuse
- Adverse events in early life also home environment
- Occupation
- Societal pressures
- Age i.e.: Eating disorders, including anorexia, are more common in adolescents and young adults, but young children and older adults can still develop anorexia.
- Gender i.e.: Women and girls are more likely to be diagnosed with anorexia. However, it’s important to know that men and boys can have anorexia and may be under-diagnosed due to differences in seeking treatment.
- Family history i.e.: Having a parent or sibling (first-degree relative) with an eating disorder increases your risk of developing an eating disorder, such as anorexia.
- Dieting i.e.: Dieting taken too far can develop into anorexia.
- Changes and trauma i.e.: Big changes in your life, such as going to college, starting a new job or going through a divorce, and/or trauma, such as sexual assault or physical abuse, may trigger the development of anorexia.
- Certain careers and sports i.e.: Eating disorders are especially common amongst models, gymnasts, runners, wrestlers and dancers.
Endocrine abnormalities are common in anorexia nervosa; they include i.e.
- Low levels of gonadal hormones
- Mildly reduced levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
- Increased cortisol secretion
Menses usually cease, but cessation of menses is no longer a criterion for diagnosis. Bone density declines. In severely undernourished patients, virtually every major organ system may be affected. However, susceptibility to infections is typically not increased.
Dehydration and metabolic alkalosis may occur, and serum potassium and/or sodium may be low; all are aggravated especially by induced vomiting and laxative or diuretic use.
Cardiac muscle mass, chamber size, and output decrease; mitral valve prolapse is commonly detected. Some patients have prolonged QT intervals (even when corrected for heart rate), which, with the risks imposed by electrolyte disturbances, may predispose to tachyarrhythmias. Sudden death, most likely due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias, may occur.
Anorexia falls into 2 general types i.e.:
1.Firstly, Restricting type
People with this type of anorexia nervosa place severe restrictions on the quantity and type of food they consume.
2.Secondly, purging type
People with this type of anorexia also place severe restrictions on the food they eat. But this is accompanied by indulging and then purging.
Atypical anorexia nervosa
Atypical anorexia nervosa is a subtype of other specified feeding or eating disorders (in other words, OSFED) in which a person’s body weight is still in the normal weight range despite having significant weight loss from their restricted energy intake.
The main features of anorexia nervosa can be divided into four categories i.e.
1.Firstly, Core psychopathology:
- Excess concern with shape and weight
- Distorted body image
- Low self-esteem
2.Secondly, Pursuit of thinness and low weight
- Dieting
Vomiting
- Purging
- Excessive exercise
- Food preoccupation
- Indulging
3.Thirdly, Common co-morbidities
- Low mood
- Deliberate self-harm
- Suicidal ideation
- Obsessions and compulsions
4.Lastly, Physical consequences of starvation
Physical signs relating to malnutrition i.e.
- Emaciation
Constipation
- Dry skin also brittle nails
- Hypotension also bradycardia
- Cyanosis also hypothermia
- Lanugo
- Hypercarotenemia
- Eroded tooth enamel
- Parotid swelling
Osteoporosis
Renal calculi
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Amenorrhoea also infertility
- Reduced libido
Biochemical abnormalities relating to malnutrition i.e.
- Hypokalemia
- Hypophosphataemia
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Hypoglycaemia
- Hypercortisolaemia
- Either Anemia or a pancytopenia
Appearance of the patient
- Extreme weight loss
- Stunted growth
- Body mass index less than 17.5 in adults, or 85% of expected weight in children
Vital Signs
Temperature
- Hypothermia
Pulse
Rate
- Bradycardia
Blood Pressure
- Hypotension
Skin
- Growth of lanugo hair over the body
- Dry skin
- Possibly with pallid complexion
Eyes
- Sunken eyes
Extremities
- Creaking joints and bones
- Collection of fluid in ankles during the day and around eyes during the night
- Nails become more brittle
- Tooth decay
- Very dry/chapped lips due to malnutrition
Miscellaneous
Behavioral
- Excessive exercise, food restriction
- Fainting
- Secretive about eating or exercise behavior
- Possible self-harm, substance abuse or suicide attempts
- Very sensitive to references about body weight
- Become very aggressive when forced to eat “forbidden” foods
Blood Tests
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Checks for levels of albumin (a liver protein)
- Measure of electrolytes
- Kidney function tests
- Liver function tests
- Measure of total protein
- Thyroid function tests
Urinalysis
Certain metabolic functions can be measured with a urine test.
Urinalysis also looks at the color and appearance of the urine, its microscopic appearance, and its chemistry.
Other Tests and Procedures
A bone density test may be administered to check for osteoporosis.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) may be ordered to check for problems with the heart such as slow heart rate or abnormal heart rhythm.1
X-rays may be taken to check things like stress fractures or broken bones, lung or heart problems.
- Body mass index (BMI) < 17.5 whereas ideal body weight (IBW) < 85 per cent of expected value.
- Generally, Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming higher weight.
- The absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles (amenorrhoea) in women who have had their first menstrual period but have not yet gone through menopause.
- Disturbance in the way in which either one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
Another psychiatric disorder, such as schizophrenia or primary depression, may cause weight loss and reluctance to eat, but patients with these disorders do not have a distorted body image.
Rarely, an unrecognized severe physical disorder may cause substantial weight loss. Disorders to consider include malabsorption syndromes (eg, due to inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease), new-onset type 1 diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, and cancer. Amphetamine abuse may cause similar symptoms.
- Improving general health, nutrition and psychological wellbeing, such as self-esteem and positive body image
- Enhancing media literacy, which provides education on the media’s promotion of unrealistic standards of ‘beauty’. This enables people to critically analyse media messages, thus reducing the risk of developing an eating disorder
- Reducing teasing and bullying, including weight-based teasing
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Homeopathic Medicines for Anorexia nervosa
The homeopathic remedies (medicines) given below indicate the therapeutic affinity but this is not a complete and definite guide to the
homeopathy treatment
of this condition. The symptoms listed against each homeopathic remedy may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications also taken into account for selecting a remedy.
Medicines for Anorexia nervosa
Arsenicum Alb:
- Extreme fastidiousness especially about germs and dirt.
- Anorexia coupled with fear of being poisoned.
- Fear of getting certain diseases so they start starving.
Carcinosin:
- Specifically for Obsessive compulsive disorder.
- Perfectionism, fear of becoming fat, likewise fear of rejection.
- Etiology-abuse, grief or fears, often related to weight. Additionally chronic insomnia, workaholics.
Hyoscyamas:
- Anorexia plus mania, insanity, besides this fear of being poisoned.
- Could have pathological jealousy, over concern about weight also getting fat.
Ignatia:
- Especially for Perfectionism, fear of becoming fat, fear of rejection.
- Hysteria loss of control of emotions, fainting.
- Etiology-grief or big disappointment, often related to weight.
Natrum mur:
- Most often indicated remedy specifically in anorexia, a lot of guilt.
- Fear of being rejected, hurt easily, also very self-conscious.
- Dry lips, emaciate, and dry skin, constipated, lose appetite.
- Besides this, behind this is perfectionism and fear of becoming fat.
Phosphoric acid:
- Etiology-grief with loss of appetite with emaciation, pinning away from loss of love, second stage they get indifferent to all emotions and food.
- Generally, Deadness inside.
Patina met:
- Obsessed with their appearance, fear of becoming fat.
- Very obsessive and impulsive personality, egocentric and arrogant, all tied up with their sexuality, religious mania.
Pulsatilla:
- Feeling of worthlessness, unloved, loneliness, fixed ideas about.
- Food especially certain foods are bad, than amount of foods that are bad grows, fear of gaining weight, pulsatilla’s gain weight easily, Furthermore, they can eat a pastry and swear they gained weight.
- Puls are constantly weighing themselves.
- Scanty menses.
Sepia:
- Specifically indicated in
Anorexia nervosa
plus hormonal problems, nausea, sensitivity to smell.
- Disgust for food, worse since childbirth, hormones causes lack of appetite.
Staphysagria:
- Acute of Carcinosin, more visible, visibly upset. Additionally, Carcinosin can control it more, Staph. may it more.
- Deep sense of worthlessness and depression, even suicidal.
- Humiliation, mortified, put down, criticized, especially for zero confidence.
- Fear of becoming fat and neglected by others.
Tarentula:
Mania
could be religious mania.
- Underneath you have a fear of being poisoned.
- Obsessiveness about weight, very restless also hyper energy people, they do everything fast-talk, move.
Thuja occid:
- Fear of being impure, dirty blood, anxiety about health, obsessed with idea of have to clean them out.
- Moreover, Fear of eating more and becoming fat.
Veratrum Alb:
- Religious mania, loquacious, end of world is coming.
- Punish themselves, fast to appease god. Behind this you see guilt.
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What is Anorexia Nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa is a clinical syndrome characterized by low body weight, amenorrhoea, distorted body image, also an intense fear of gaining weight.
Homeopathic Medicines used by Homeopathic Doctors in treatment of Anorexia Nervosa?
- Arsenicum Alb
- Carcinosin
- Hyoscyamas
- Ignatia
- Natrum mur
- Phosphoric acid
- Patina met
- Pulsatilla
What are the symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa?
- Excess concern with shape and weight
- Distorted body image
- Low self-esteem
- Dieting, Vomiting, Purging
- Excessive exercise
- wallowing
- Low mood
- Deliberate self-harm
What are the causes of Anorexia Nervosa?
- Cerebral abnormality
- Genetics
- Serotonin dysregulation
- Occasionally, Zinc deficiency
- Childhood upbringing
- Childhood sexual abuse
- Adverse events in early life and home environment
- Occupation
- Societal pressures
[1] Psychiatry, Fourth Edition – Oxford Medical Publications
[2] Ahuja – A Short Textbook of Psychiatry, 7th Edition
[3] Full Book Homeopathy in Treatment of Psychological Disorders by Shilpa Harwani
[4]https://www.healthline.com/health/eating-disorders-causes-risk-factors#risk-factorshttps://www.nutritionist-resource.org.uk/articles/anorexia-nervosa.html#treatinganorexia
[5] https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-in/professional/psychiatric-disorders/eating-disorders/anorexia-nervosa#v1027605
[6]https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anorexia-nervosa
[7]https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Anorexia_nervosa_physical_examination
[8]https://www.verywellhealth.com/anorexia-diagnosis-5181747
[9]https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/prevention/treatment-2/primary-prevention/
[10]https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9794-anorexia-nervosa